Oligosaccharides: Nutritional Significance in Cow Milk
Oligosaccharides are short chains of monosaccharide units linked by glycosidic bonds, commonly found in various biological fluids, including human and bovine milk. In cow milk, these bioactive carbohydrates play a crucial role in promoting gut health, modulating the immune system, and supporting the growth of beneficial gut microbiota in infants. Although human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are more structurally diverse and abundant, research indicates that cow milk oligosaccharides (CMOs) also share significant functional similarities. These include acting as prebiotics, preventing pathogen adhesion, and contributing to brain development. The exploration of CMOs has gained increasing attention for their potential to serve as functional ingredients in infant formula, aiming to mimic the health benefits of HMOs. Recent studies have emphasized their relevance in infant nutrition and highlighted their structural diversity, biosynthesis, and potential for commercial extraction and application (Chauhan, D.D.A.P.; Deepak, D.; Chauhan, S. Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2023, 29, 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/IECN2023-15973).
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